Social Consequences Essay Example for Free

Social Consequences Essay One of the most critical social results during the Industrial Revolution was kid work. During the late 1700s up until the Factory Act of 1833, kids as youthful as six were chipping away at normal 12-14 hours per day in production lines for practically no compensation. The conditions in industrial facilities were woeful, and the youngster laborers were much of the time compelled to work with risky, substantial gear. There were numerous mishaps in these industrial facilities that brought about kids being truly harmed and even murdered at work. Vagrants were frequently exploited and utilized as slave work. The little youngsters who were not mature enough to work with the machines, regularly filled in as colleagues to grown-up laborers in the production line, who might beat them. Disciplines like weighting, where a substantial weight was attached to the childs neck while he strolled here and there the lobby to fill in for instance for different youngsters, were frequently utilized when kids appeared at work late or didn't arrive at their standards (Child Labor). Another outcome of the Industrial Revolution was the consequence of contamination from the entirety of the new production lines. Exhaust cloud was made by the consuming of coal to run the plants, making numerous individuals create respiratory issues. The brown haze made the individuals of London experience a general decrease in wellbeing, remembering troopers for the Crimean War, which made their exhibition endure (Kasa). Private enterprise The fast development of makers lead to individuals putting resources into processing plants, new creations and advancements, and expanded creation and greater levels of popularity for crude materials. Adam Smith, in his book The Wealth of Nations, expounded on the possibility that creation of riches would increment if individuals sought after their personal responsibility in 1776, not long before the Industrial Revolution took off. He proceeded to portray the division of work, that is breaking the assembling of an item into a few simpler undertakings to be finished by discrete individuals, normally called a sequential construction system. The Industrial Revolution broughtâ to life Smiths thoughts of division of work and financial independence with over the top rivalry, basically birthing free enterprise (Miller). Socialist Theory Before the First Industrial insurgency, assembling of products was done in people groups homes utilizing essential machines and hand devices. Industrialization offered approach to controlled hardware, manufacturing plants and large scale manufacturing. This brought an expanded assortment of products and a superior way of life for a few, and for huge numbers of poor people and regular workers it brought terrible everyday environments and troubling business choices (Industrial Revolution). Free enterprise accentuated avarice, depended on rankings, and neglected to perceive the financial significance of the â€Å"women’s work† of mindful and care giving. In these and different ways, private enterprise started the start of Communist hypothesis that society ought to be openly possessed and every individual paid by their capacities and societys needs as opposed to a free serious market (Capitalism Socialism). Contrasts Under Communism, all property is possessed by the network. There is no administration or class division, and rather than a trading of cash, every individual adds to society to their maximum capacity and takes from the general public just what they need, in a perfect world making a parity. The general public settles on choices that advantage the individuals in general, not people. Free enterprise as a monetary and political framework in any case, requires people possessing property and industry and supports rivalry for assets as a methods for expanding riches and individual achievement, as opposed to legitimately profiting society overall (Anglin, Bronwyn. 2014). References Anglin, M.R., and Bronwyn, Harris. What is the Difference Between Capitalism and Socialism?. WiseGeek. Guess, 23 Aug. 2014. Web. 1 Sept. 2014. . Free enterprise Socialism: Two Old Economic Visions. Place for Partnership Studies. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2014. . Kid work in Factories During the Industrial Revolution. Youngster work in Factories During the Industrial Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Aug. 2014. . Mechanical Revolution. History.com. AE Television Networks, n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2014. . Kasa, Sjur. Mechanical Revolutions and Environment Problems. Cas Oslo. Norweigen Academy for Science and Letters, n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2014. . Mill operator, Donald L. . A Bio. of America: The Rise of Capitalism Transcript. Annenberg Learner. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Sept. 2014. .

Interaction with teacher Essay Example for Free

Cooperation with educator Essay It was all what I needed. It was what I longed for some time before. Be that as it may, it was totally underestimated by the individuals around me. I was consistently the top understudy among all the six graders in our school, and because of that I am one of those whom they views as their precious pearl since I generally concoct something, similar to another thought regarding a specific issue. I have been one of those sent for if there are challenges. They state I act and think like a grown-up as of now. Dislike some other standard understudies, I additionally happen to exceed expectations in sports and other curricular exercises. I am additionally a sprinter. I have consistently been running on target since I was in grade three. I applied a lot of exertion in it since it is my obsession. For quite a while I invest energy in preparing and being presented to tracks to win in future races however I always remember to keep up my passing marks in my scholastics. In class, I have this nearby educator in Math. I likewise love Math around then that is the reason I additionally like my instructor. It so happened that my Math instructor likewise happens to be our homeroom consultant. Now and then, after classes and I don't have any training in the track, we generally have talks and she would consistently encourage me to seek after whatever fantasies I have at the top of the priority list and never to neglect to recollect the individuals around me that had help me in accomplishing things throughout everyday life. She additionally instructed me not to be diverted despite everything give significance with my investigations since that is the most significant accomplishment throughout everyday life. There were troublesome occasions during my preparation yet I despite everything figured out how to continue on the grounds that I have an objective and that is to win. I never thought of stopping the preparation even how tired it gets. I kept on pursueing my fantasies and dreams that one day I will receive my benefit in due time on the off chance that I won't come up short and go delicate. I can say that I am decide and forceful to arrive at my fantasies that time. I think I simply merit each triumph I get as I oblige my picked way in view of the persistence that I have showed. Opportunity arrived when I joined a race. Each individuals would realize me would state that I have extraordinary odds of winning the primary spot due to my hard trainings and my prepared aptitudes. The occasion came and I was good to go out to win the race yet shockingly, my mentor conversed with me in private and asked me not to win the main prize. I can be in runner up or third spot as long as I won’t be the victor. I was so crushed after hearing this originating from my mentor, my tutor, the person who filled in as my model. I wouldn’t realize what to do. I was so disturbed and continued speculation whether to concur and follow my mentor or to go on the diverse way and accomplish my fantasies. It was the most troublesome piece of my life, to pick something that nobody would be harmed. My heart, my will to win and my dedication to my mentor we’re all battling. What might I pick at that point? The occasion legitimate came, and the race began. I was on target and was driving. A large number of my loved ones were all supporting me. This made me progressively resolved to go on quicker and quicker. The end goal is practically close to when I recollected what my mentor let me know. My heart was thumping as I saw the end goal. For the end goal would mean triumph and achievement yet until further notice, it implied decimation and catastrophe for me. A couple of moments before I arrived at the end goal I eased back down, giving the others chance to win. At the point when I hindered I saw one young lady who was consistently at my back during the track was currently driving the race. At long last, the young lady made it to the primary spot while I was the subsequent placer. Every one of my companions, families and family members were totally alarmed by what occurred. They all normal that I would win the race. I was down and exhausted, to the point that it previously influenced my presentation in school. I felt so embarrassed thus defeatist for not battling what is correct. I have low confidence for a long while and my evaluations got lower and lower. At that point one Thursday evening, my Math instructor and study hall counsel called my consideration. She and I talked in her office. I realized she was going to censure me for my lackluster showings at school. Indeed, at the rear of my psyche that time it was okay on the off chance that she will reprove me since I simply merit it. In any case, amazingly I wasn't right, thoroughly off-base. The second I went into the room she grinned at me. Grin? For what reason would she grin to somebody who is a washout? At that point she offered me a seat. During those minutes I am still extremely dumbfounded on what might occur as we talk. At that point she inquired as to whether I am okay, so I said yes yet I said it tears simply fell on my eyes. She instructed me to be consistent with myself and whatever I believe I should share and let it out. In this way, I communicated my disappointments and everything that occurred in the race. She revealed to me that she comprehend why I was having low exhibitions at school the previous barely any weeks. Be that as it may, my life ought not stop there. She disclosed to me that I am still extremely youthful and that numerous open doors would at present thump on my entryway and if that happens I should get it right away. She revealed to me that everything occurs for an explanation and for a reason that is to shape and form us to turn into a vastly improved individual than what we are. She disclosed to me that my life ought not end there in light of the fact that there is still such a great amount coming up for me later on. Difficult as I am, I revealed to her that I don't need the future, what I need is presently. She at that point addressed me that I should live each day in turn and approach slowly and carefully. With her useful tidbits, I was cheered. It truly matters in the event that you talk with somebody who has a ton to state about existence, similar to my educator. I was unable to envision that she would get me out in light of the fact that from the beginning, I thought she was only a Math instructor, that's it, yet it was refuted. My educator truly contacted my heart and changed my life. After that discussion, I began again and now with an inspirational viewpoint in life that regardless of how I fall I should settle on a decision to ascend once more. That was the manner by which I think despite the fact that I was simply in 6th grade that time. Later it was discovered that the dad of the young lady, who was the boss, paid my mentor with the goal that I won’t succeed by any stretch of the imagination. Envision, up and down my adversary realized that I was truly something. They realized that I can truly win the race that is the reason they were completely compromised by my triumph. I was a danger to everybody who was in the race that inevitably made the dad of the other young lady pay off my mentor to devastate my vision, my objectives. In any case, regardless of how they put me down, reality came out and it was my ally. Achievement, winning and triumph are not tied in with pursuing a race all. It is a greater amount of having an unmistakable still, small voice that you made it that far in light of the fact that you never cheated, hurt anybody and stepped on other’s shoes for you own benefit. I thank my instructor for the useful tidbits she has shared to me during the absolute bottom in my life. Instructors truly have any kind of effect in this world. They are there to show you scholastically as well as they are consistently there to help you and shape your being for you to improve as a person that each general public fantasies about having particularly in this coldblooded world at the present time.

Swiss Miss

Swiss Miss DID YOU KNOW? The song Hips Dont Lie went to #1 in nearly every country that has singles charts. There are four countries where it only went to #2, and it only went to #94 in Japan. And I am SO SICK OF HEARING IT. This is a dumb story, but scroll down for some more pictures. I left my umbrella on a train in Switzerland last weekend. It was really a great umbrellait had a big button that you could press to open it, fit perfectly into my small girly hands, had a comfortable strap to fit around my wrist, was compact enough to fit horizontally in my backpack when folded up, and kept the rain off of me pretty well, although the ravages of time were becoming apparent after three years of use. But anyway, I left it on a train in Switzerland. I was worried about finding a replacement, because I got the umbrella three years ago at MIT when Shannon 05 lost my previous, much less awesome, umbrella. I was like, Whatever, just give me 12 dollars or something, but Shannon went out to the Cambridgeside Galleria the very next day and bought me this great, top-of-the-line umbrella that Ive loved ever since. So I thought that there would be a pretty big disparity between the amount of money that I was willing to spend on an umbrella and the kind of service I had come to expect from an umbrella. With that in mind, I looked up the word for umbrella in Google translator and went out shopping last night. I must have looked kind of strange in the first store I went to, because I tested each umbrella I encountered according to the above five characteristicsso I opened it, held it in my hand as if it were raining indoors, dangled it by its strap from my wrist, put it in my backpack, and estimated the permeability of the material. Do most people do this when theyre umbrella shopping? I mean, you would want to test-drive a car, right? There were a couple umbrellas with button-opening mechanisms, but only one even met two of my five criteriaa 10

Child And Youth Survey The And Nichols Was A...

There were several relevant variables used in this study. The control variables used were demographic, socioeconomic, and other adversity variables such as sex, ethnicity, poverty status, mother’s educational attainment, cognitive ability, and home environment quality. The dependent variables in this study were related to academic outcomes such as extended absences and failure to graduate from high school. The independent variables used were parental incarceration, sibling incarceration, and other household member’s incarceration (Loper and Nichols, 2012). The study by Lopers and Nichols was a longitudinal, study design using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, Child and Youth survey (NLSY 2010), which included women and their children. According to Lopers and Nichols, â€Å"Out of the sample, 585 met criteria for the household incarceration status, to be compared to 2,753 individuals who did not experience household incarceration† (p. 5). Furthermore, it was not possible to determine if the sample was consistent with national trends since statistics for this specific population are unavailable. However, the sample included a 6.7% incarceration rate which is consistent with other published studies. Out of this sample 39% reported parental incarceration, 31% reported sibling incarceration, and 18.6% reported other household member incarceration. Furthermore, 10.9% reported incarceration of several types of family members. Data was used from 11 waves of theShow MoreRelatedCritique of a Research Article about Inc arceration in the Household by Loper Nichols (2012)2317 Words   |  10 PagesIn a study of children that had a family member or family associate incarcerated prior to their 18th birthday, Loper Nichols (2012) attempted to address the impact that such incarceration had on such children. It was expected, consistent with previous literature, that household incarceration would have an impact on academic outcomes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between household incarceration and two outcomes: failure to graduate high school and extended school absenceRead MoreLauren Touchet. Cjus301. 17 February 2017. Research Paper/Lit1325 Words   |  6 Pages resulting in an incarcerated population that has soared from approximately 340,000 in the early 1970s to nearly 2.3 million today† (Raeder, 2012). â€Å"Parents held in the nation’s prisons—52% of state inmates and 63% of federal inmates—reported having an estimated 1,706,600 minor chi ldren, accounting for 2.3% of the U.S. resident population under age 18† (Glaze Maruschak, 2008, p. 1). In an article titled, â€Å"Parental Incarceration and Child Well-Being: Implications for Urban Families†, published inRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesa wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a star ting point for getting to grips with theRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesStudents achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  »

Jonathan Swifts Essay, A Modest Proposal - 659 Words

Jonathan Swifts Essay, A Modest Proposal Jonathan Swift in his essay, A Modest Proposal suggests a unique solution to the problem concerning poor children in Ireland. Swift uses several analytical techniques like statistics, induction, and testimony to persuade his readers. His idea is admirable because he suggests that instead of putting money into the problem, one can make money from the problem. However, his proposal is inhumane. Swift wrote his proposal for those that were tired of looking at poor children of Ireland. He starts out explaining the situation in Ireland regarding single poor mothers that have three to six children and cannot afford to feed or clothe them. The children of the poor are a burden and a disgrace†¦show more content†¦I again subtract 50,000 for those women who miscarry, or whose children die by accident or disease within the year. There only remain 120,000 children of poor parents annually born. He would keep about 20,000 for breeding and sell the rest for food. Swift argues that this would boost the country economically by 8 shillings per child. That is at least 800,000 shillings compared to their debt of 2,000,000 pounds sterling. Swift also uses induction from a case where in Formosa (now Taiwan); anytime a young person was killed the state would sell the body for a fair price and was considered a delicacy. Also there was a young, fifteen-year-old girl that tried to kill the emperor and was sold to the Prime Minister for a good meal. He points out that there are same non-productive young people in their country who could be sold for a profit like in Formosa. He suggests that such a course may be taken to ease the nation of so grievous an encumbrance. Swift then uses the testimony of a very worthy person, a true lover of his country, and whose virtues I highly esteem. This person and many more gentlemen like himself supported Swift’s proposal due to a lack of deer meat and the need for more money. He conceived that the want of venison might be well supplied by the bodies of young lads and maidens, not exceeding fourteen years of age nor under twelve. There were also testimonies from an American who backed the tastefulnessShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal1391 Words   |  6 Pages In Jonathan Swift’s essay, â€Å"A Modest Proposal†, Swift proposes that the poor should eat their own starving children during a great a famine in Ireland. What would draw Swift into writing to such lengths? When times get hard in Ireland, Swift states that the children would make great meals. The key factor to Swift’s essay that the reader must see that Swift is not literally ordering the poor to cannibalize. Swift acknowledges the fact of the scarcity of food and empathizes with the struggling andRead More Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal Essay459 Words   |  2 PagesJonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Jonathan Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† published in 1729, Swift engages in an extraordinary amount of irony and satire. Swift states that in order to reduce famine in Ireland and to solve the problems that they are having that eating children would be a good solution. This is not the purpose of Swift’s essay. The real intent was to get the people of Britain to notice that the ideas that they were coming up with were not any better than his satiricalRead MoreAnalysis of Jonathan Swifts Essay A Modest Proposal903 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Swifts 1729 essay A Modest Proposal deals with societal issues contemporary to him and is meant to provide harsh criticism in regard to values promoted by society at the time. The author uses this essay with the purpose of suggesting that he found the solution to financial problems experienced by the Irish during the era. By advising these people to sell their people to wealthy individuals in Englan d, he intends to satirize society by emphasizing the cruel attitudes generally expressedRead More Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Swift was said to â€Å"declare at one stage in his life: ‘I am not of this vile country (Ireland), I am an Englishman’† (Hertford website). In his satire â€Å"A Modest Proposal,† he illustrates his dislike not only for the Irish, but for the English, organized religions, rich, greedy landlords, and people of power. It is obvious that Swift dislikes these people, but the reader must explore from where his loathing for the groups of people stems. I believe Swift notRead MoreThe Satirical Nature of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Essay example662 Words   |  3 Pages A Modest Proposal The satirical essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† written and published in in 1729 by an Anglo- Irish man named Jonathan Swift, in response to the worsening conditions of Ireland, was one of his most controversial and severe writings of his time. The narrator in Swift’s essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† argues for a drastic and radical end to poverty in Ireland. Swift’s proposal suggests that the needy, poor people of Ireland can ease their troubles simply by selling their children as food toRead MoreJonathan Swift’s Essay A Modest Proposal, and Voltaire’s Novella, Candide999 Words   |  4 Pagesdiffering works of literature that employ similar elements of satire, whether the story is long or short, essay or novella. In these two works, the authors bring light to ongoing social, political, and philosophical issues of their time and age. The two works I am referring to are Jonathan Swift’s satirical essay, A Modest Proposal, and Voltaireâ⠂¬â„¢s novella, Candide, or Optimism. In both A Modest Proposal and Candide, there is a portrayal of irony, cold logic and reasoning rather than emotion, and misguidedRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift860 Words   |  4 Pageswas informed to read â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift as an assignment for creating annotated bibliographies, I began to develop an interest on how Swift came about the matter of his request into rebuilding Ireland s economy and way of life. I believed that Swift added cannibalizing children to the subject matter to give his proposal a more profound and eye-opening effect, but my readings further piqued my interests on the topic. As a result, I researched Jonathan Swift’s motives and style behindRead MoreA Modest Proposal For Preventing The Children Of Poor People1458 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature is Jonathan Swift, whose hard-hitting essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland, from Being a Burden on Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick† is one of the most popular and analyzed texts within the world of satire, and truly makes one think about the art. One article that explores Swift’s use of satire within â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is Paddy Bullord’s â€Å"The Scriblerian Mock-Arts† This essay delves deeply into Swift’s works, andRead MoreA Modest Proposal1096 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment 1: Swift’s â€Å"A Modest Proposal† Dr. Anthony McCormack Strayer University World Culture II Gladys A. Reyes July 25, 2015 In the satire â€Å"A Modest Proposal’, Jonathan Swift expresses his feelings of frustration with regard to the aggravation and political issues in Ireland. He describes being frustrated with the indifference of Ireland politicians, the wealthy, the English tyranny, and the degradation and poor conditions in which many poor, Irish women and children have been forcedRead MoreNot Many People Can Write A Proposal Consisting Of Three1396 Words   |  6 PagesNot many people can write a proposal consisting of three thousand three hundred and seventy-six words in which political and economic issues are discussed and given a solution in such a serious yet sarcastic tone, but this is exactly what Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal does. Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland to British parents and as result of this, he yearned to get as far away as he could from the Irish. After he was ordained into the Church of Ireland in 1964, he was exposed to the lives

Achivements of India in Science Free Essays

The space program had its genesis in the Indian National Committee of Space Research, which was established in 1962 as part of the Department of Atomic Energy. In 1972 the Department of Space and the Space Commission were established as the executive and policy wings of the program. The Department of Space operates the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO, established in 1969) and four independent projects: the Indian National Satellite Space Segment Project, the Natural Resource Management System, the National Remote Sensing Agency, and the Physical Research Laboratory. We will write a custom essay sample on Achivements of India in Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now The department also sponsors research in various academic and research institutions. The ISRO is headquartered in Bangalore and has operating units at twenty-two sites throughout the country that deal with space systems, propulsion, communications, telemetry and tracking, research, launches, and other facets of the space program. The major achievements of the space program have been in the area of the domestic design, production, and launching of remote sensing and communications satellites. The primary goal of the space program is to have independent remote sensing and communications satellite systems with launcher autonomy. In 1992 the ISRO set up the Antrix Corporation to market space and telecommunications products to help recover some of the costs of the annual space budget. That budget increased from Rs3. 8 billion in FY 1990 to an estimated Rs7. 5 billion in FY 1994. The majority of the FY 1994 expenditures were slated for rocket development (50 percent) and communications and remote sensing satellite operations (26. percent). Space research began with the establishment of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. From Thumba Indian scientists launched United States-made rockets carrying French satellites to study the upper atmospheric winds over the magnetic equator. From this station, Indian scientists also have carried out original research in electrojet currents over the magnetic equator, vertical profiles of airglow, and cosmic X-ray background radiation.The first Indian experimental satellite was launched in 1975, followed by four others; operational communications and remote sensing satellites have been launched as part of the Indian National Satellite System (Insat). Insat is an interagency project operated by the Department of Space for domestic radio relay, computer network, television, rural telegraph network, and weather, emergency, and other radio communications.Three satellites operated by Insat were in use in the mid-1990s in cooperation with the Intern ational Telecommunication Union’s International Telecommunications Satellite (Intelsat) system. The three satellites (the first-generation Insat-1D in June 1990, the second-generation Insat-2A in July 1992, and Insat-2B in July 1993) were indigenously built under the direction of the ISRO and put into geostationary orbit over the Indian Ocean using French rockets launched in French Guiana. Additional and more advanced communications satellites–Insat-2C, Insat-2D, and Insat-2E–were planned for launch in FY 1994, FY 1995, and FY 1996. Although early Indian satellites were launched by the Soviet Union, the United States, and the European Space Agency, in 1980 India began using domestically produced launch vehicles for its Rohini and Stretched Rohini experimental satellites. The ISRO has launch ranges at Thumba, Sriharikota Island on the east coast of Andhra Pradesh, and Balasore in Orissa.Foreign observers in 1993 believed that the launch vehicle program was the least developed part of the space program and had fallen behind the satellite program in technological capability. Supporting this belief was the September 1993 launch of India’s liquid-and-solid-fuel Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), designed to carry a 1,000-kilogram satellite, at Sriharikota. Although the PSLV-D1 was successfully launched, it malfunctioned before reaching orbit. Despit e such setbacks, the national goal of achieving launcher autonomy has been set for 2000. In May 1994, after several failed launches, India’s five-stage, solid-fuel Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) program, which started its test phase in 1987, succeeded in deploying a 133-kilogram satellite and placing it in a low earth orbit via a solid-fuel launch vehicle, the ASLV-D4. The ASLV-D4 was launched from Sriharikota. In March 1995, the head of the ISRO announced that India would become self-reliant in launcher technology by 1997-98 when the first Geostationary Launch Vehicle (GSLV) flight was planned.Through international cooperation programs, India also has put a man in space with the Soviet Union, has participated in various French and German space ventures, and has had a payload aboard the United States Space Shuttle. It also provided technical expertise to the Arab Satellite Communication Organization (Arabsat) and entered into a cooperative space research agreement with the Ukrainian National Space Agency. Indian weather satellites help nations throughou t the Indian Ocean littoral by providing weather information and real-time distress alert services.Like the nuclear energy program, the space program has military implications that are contentious international political issues. Other Leading Institutions Although much of the top executive authority of the science and technology infrastructure in India resides in New Delhi, some premier science and technology institutions are located elsewhere. Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka, is a center for high-technology industry and a major research and development site.Much of the activity in Bangalore’s â€Å"Silicon Valley† is carried out through collaborative arrangements with multinational corporations in fields such as aeronautics, communications, electronics, and machine tools. By 1990 there were more than 100,000 people employed by 3,000 companies in the electronics industry alone. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in Bombay conducts fundamental research in astronomy, mathematics, molecular biology, and physics; and applied research in computer science, ion accelerators, material science, and solid state electronics.Organizationally, the institute is a component of the Department of A tomic Energy. When the atomic energy program began in 1948, the Tata Institute provided trained staff, and in 1955, because of the important role it played in nuclear energy research, the institute was recognized as the National Centre of the Government of India for Advanced Study and Fundamental Research in Nuclear Science and Mathematics. In this capacity, the institute became a world-class nuclear research facility, recognized for its discoveries in the field of strange particles.Research on applied mathematics, astrophysics, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), high-power microwaves, stratospheric and underground nuclear physics, theoretical computer science, and other high-technology fields is carried out by the Tata Institute in Bombay and at its facilities in Bangalore and Kolar in Karnataka, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh, Pachmarhi in Madhya Pradesh, Pune in Maharashtra, and Udhagamandalam (Ooty) in Tamil Nadu. Tata Institute scientists designed the first Indian digital computer in the 1960s and since then have contributed directly to the manufacture of microwave components and devices.Joint work has been conducted with foreign laboratories, such as accelerator experiments with Switzerland and the United States. The Tata Institute also provides both formal and informal science education aimed at improving the quality of science education and developing remedial measures for improving scholastic performance. Significant achievements have been made in the areas of nuclear and space science, electronics and defence. The government is committed to making ST an integral part of the socio-economic development of the country. | |India has the third largest scientific and technical manpower in the world; 162 universities award 4,000 doctorates and 35,000 postgraduate degrees and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research runs 40 research laboratories that have made some significant achievements. In the field of Missile Launch Technology, India is among the top five nations of the world. Science and technology, however, is used as an effective instrument for growth and change. It is being brought into the mainstream of economic planning in the sectors of agriculture, industry and services.The country’s resources are used to derive the maximum output for the benefit of society and improvement in the quality of life. About 85 per cent of the funds for S;T come directly or indirectly from the Government. The S;T infrastructure in the country accounts for more than one per cent of the GNP. S;T in India is entering a new frontier. Atomic Energy The prime objective of India’s nuclear energy programme is the development and use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes such as power generation, applications in agriculture, medicine, industry, research and other areas.India is today recognized as one of the most advanced countries in nuclear technology including production of source materials. The country is self-reliant and has mastered the expertise covering the complete nuclear cycle from exploration and mining to power generation and waste management. Accelerators and research and power reactors are now designed and built indigenously. The sophisticated variable energy cyclotron at Kolkata and a medium-energy heavy ion accelerator ‘pelletron’ set up recently at Mumbai are national research facilities in the frontier areas of science.As part of its programme of peaceful uses of atomic energy, India has also embarked on a programme of nuclear power gen eration. Currently eight nuclear stations are producing eight billion kilowatt of electricity. Four more nuclear power stations are planned. The new nuclear reactors are designed in India. The peaceful nuclear programme also includes producing radioisotopes for use in agriculture, medicine, industry and research. | | SpaceThe Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), under the Department of Space (DOS), is responsible for research, development and operationalisation of space systems in the areas of satellite communications, remote sensing for resource survey, environmental monitoring, meteorological services, etc. DOS is also the nodal agency for the Physical Research Laboratory, which conducts research in the areas of space science, and the National Remote Sensing Agency, which deploys modern remote-sensing techniques for natural resource surveys and provides operational services to user agencies.India is the only Third World Country to develop its own remote-sensing satellite. India joined a select group of six nations on October 15, 1994, when the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) successfully accomplished its mission of placing the 800 Kg remote sensing satellite, IRS-P2, in the intended orbit. Earlier in May, the fourth developmental flight of the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) achieved its mission by placing the 113 Kg SROSS-C2 scientific satellite in a near-earth orbit. India is well on its way to developing a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) capable of putting 2000 Kg satellites into space.The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is currently trying to develop an indigenous cryogenic engine for GSLV. A GSLV model has already been tested in wind tunnel. The INSAT series of satellite launched earlier are performing well and provide vital services for telecommunications, television, meteorology, disaster warning and distress detection. The latest INSAT series include new features like Ku-band transponders and mobile sa tellite services transponders. The remote-sensing satellites, launched in 1988 and 1991, have already become the mainstay of the natural resource management system of the country.The projected launch of advanced remote sensing satellites will not only enhance the scope of their application, but will also offer commercial service to other countries. The Indian achievement in the application of space-based remote sensing technology has led a US company to enter into an agreement for marketing the data from Indian satellites globally. India’s progress in space technology has attracted worldwide attention and demand, with leasing agreements for marketing of IRS data and supply of space hardware and services.India also believes in co-operation in space with agencies all over the world. A high-level UN team selected India for setting up a UN Centre for Space Science and Technology Education. India is on the threshold of achieving self-reliance in the launch capability. It will be a befitting tribute to the father of the Indian space programme, Dr. Vikaram Sarabhai, whose 80th birth anniversary was observed in August 1996. Electronics The Department of Electronics plays the promotional role for the development and use of electronics for socio-economic development.Many initiatives have been taken for a balanced growth of the electronics industry. The basic thrust has been towards a general rationalization of the licensing policy with an emphasis on promotion rather than regulation, besides achieving economy of scale with up-to-date technology. A multi-pronged approach has been evolved for result-oriented R;D with special emphasis on microelectronics, telematics, and high-performance computing and software development. Application of electronics in areas such as agriculture, health and service ectors has also been receiving special attention. For upgrading the quality of indigenously manufactured products, a series of test and development centers and regional laboratories have been set up. These centers for electronic design and technology help small and medium electronics units. A number of R;D projects have been initiated to meet the growing requirements of the industry. Oceanography India has a coastline of more than 7,600 km and 1,250 islands, with its Exclusive Economic Zone covering over 2 million sq. km and continental shelf extending up to 350 nautical miles.The Department of Ocean Development was established in 1981 to ensure optimum utilisation of living resources, exploitation of non-living resources such as hydrocarbons and minerals, and to harness ocean energy. Two research vessels, ORV Sagar Kanya and FROV Sagar Sampada, are assessing and evaluating the resource potential. Survey and exploration efforts have been directed to assess seabed topography, and concentration and quality of mineral nodules. In August 1987, India was allotted a mine site of 150,000 sq. km in the central Indian Ocean for further exploration and development of resources.India is the only developing country to have qualified for Pioneer Status by the UN Conference on the Law of the Sea in 1982, and it is the first country in the world to have secured registration of a mine site. India has sent 13 scientific research expeditions to Antarctica since 1981, and has established a permanently manned base, Dakshin Gangotri. A second permanent station, an entirely indigenous effort, was completed by the eighth expedition. The objective is to study the ozone layer and other important constituents, optical aurora, geomagnetic pulsation and related phenomena. By virtue of its scientific research activities, India acquired Consultative Membership of the Antarctic Treaty in 1983 and acceded to the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in July 1985. India is also a member of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, and has played a significant role in adopting a Minerals Regime for Antarctica in June 1988. A National Institute of Ocean Technology was set up for the development of ocean-related technologies. It is also responsible for harnessing resources of the coastal belts and islands. BiotechnologyIndia has been the forerunner among the developing countries in promoting multi-disciplinary activities in this area, recognizing the practically unlimited possibility of their applications in increasing agricultural and industrial production, and in improving human and animal life. The nucleus of research in this area is the National Biotechnology Board, constituted in 1982. A Department of Biotechnology was created in 1986. Recently, the Biotechnology Consortium India Ltd. was set up. It will play the role of a catalyst in bridging the gap between research and development, industrial and financial institutions.Some of the new initiatives taken include developing techniques for gene mapping, conservation of biodiversity and bio-indicators research, special biotechnology programmers for the benefit of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes and activities in the area of plantation crops. The areas which have been receiving attention are cattle herd improvement through embryo transfer technology, in vitro propagation of disease resistant plant varieties for obtaining higher yields, and development of vaccines for various diseases. How to cite Achivements of India in Science, Papers

The Mystery of the Maya priests Review Essay Example

The Mystery of the Maya priests Review Paper Essay on The Mystery of the Maya priests Thanks for the interesting review! Popular scientific literature of this sort really, alas, now almost disappeared. More precisely hit on wheels bubbling stream boom of the so-called served as a mythological, serve-delusional, delusions, mythological, entertainment and business, etc. etc. literature (thats all it means, you can read here). The power of this phenomenon exceeds ten pathetic gusts shovels exercises: without compunction reaching readers not geographically hiding, and quite different grounds. Well, actually remained in the memory of real books that arouse interest in the mysteries of ancient societies. The book, about which I immediately remembered reading a review, it is very close to her subjects Z. Kosidowsky When the sun was a god (two small, but very interesting piece of her is even in electronic form I recommend). Indeed, relations with the history of these books are quite complex: on the one hand a detailed reproduction of the knowledge gained from first-hand th e researchers, on the other the naive attempts to interpret: how they lived there in those of their isms, and how much it differs from ours time. All the time until there was a Soviet historiography about ancient civilizations such societies of ancient Egypt, the Mayan and Aztec refers to either a slave or to feudal. Understand, class struggle had to move the locomotive of history, and all the rebels just create it. Thats why in Kuzmischeva insurgent slaves necessarily struggling with bloody feudal order of priests, priestly rituals the opium of the people, and so on in the same spirit. Personally, I have it is only emotion, and remain forever in the minds of the naive only three forms of social oppression of man:. Slavery, feudalism, capitalism, known since the 19th century. The reality turned out to be both frightening: the study and interpretation of the 20th century discovered a truly amazing scene: dozens of civilization for thousands of years almost spun: come and gone li ke a squirrel in the wheels. 1) Almost all the slaves were a major contingent of residents, and numerous forms of dependence were more varied, and are not so obvious. It was found, for example, that the pyramids were built personally free people and not slaves, as in Kosidowsky. Why should they have to? Elementary: they built their communism, strive for the ideal, but without these light Ideally, it would be no pyramids, no society, no kulutry and we have nothing about them and never learned. 2) The main form of exploitation of man by man was more than a dozen of them, plus the most incredible combination as part of its historical fundamental principle the so-called agropoliatrizma (see, eg, review and references therein.), where large-scale human sacrifices (like Nazism, Stalinism) and the atmosphere of total poralizuyuschego animal terror before them senseless and inevitable is no exception in history, but rather tend to understand that in all its complexity More to come. So it seems that the story they tried all possible options, and its harsh the truth is that the development of each of these societies to stop quickly, inevitably there is the state apparatus parasite literally eats Society: crumbled culture disappeared writing, architecture. But later everything repeated again, with little transference scene. In conclusion, and asks a famous thought: history opened in the 20th century, it still does not only those involved in it. The Mystery of the Maya priests Review Essay Example The Mystery of the Maya priests Review Paper Essay on The Mystery of the Maya priests Thanks for the interesting review! Popular scientific literature of this sort really, alas, now almost disappeared. More precisely hit on wheels bubbling stream boom of the so-called served as a mythological, serve-delusional, delusions, mythological, entertainment and business, etc. etc. literature (thats all it means, you can read here). The power of this phenomenon exceeds ten pathetic gusts shovels exercises: without compunction reaching readers not geographically hiding, and quite different grounds. Well, actually remained in the memory of real books that arouse interest in the mysteries of ancient societies. The book, about which I immediately remembered reading a review, it is very close to her on the subject Z. Kosidowsky When the sun was a god (two small, but very interesting piece of her is even in electronic form I recommend). Indeed, the relationship with the history of these books are quite complex: on the one hand a detailed reproduction of the knowledge gained from first-hand the researchers, on the other very naive almost fantastic level attempts to interpret this knowledge: how they lived in their isms, how much this is different from our time, what a bond between us, a lesson or not have them at all: live and rejoice to the sun. While there was a Soviet (thoroughly ideologized) historiography almost all ancient civilizations like the societies of ancient Egypt, the Mayan and Aztec refers to either a slave or to feudal. Itself class struggle was supposed to serve as a locomotive of history, and all the slaves rebelled directly created it. That in Kuzmischeva insurgent slaves necessarily struggling with bloody feudal order of priests, priestly rituals the opium of the people, and so on in the same spirit. Personally, I have it is only emotion, Yes, but on the other hand, it It remained forever in the naive consciousness of only three forms of social oppression of man:. Slavery, feudalism, capitalism, known since the 19th century. The re ality was much worse like: research and interpretation in the 20th century discovered a truly amazing scene: dozens of civilization for thousands of years almost spun: come and gone like a squirrel in the wheels. 1) Almost all the slaves were a major contingent of residents, and numerous forms of dependence were more varied, and are not so obvious. It is found for example, that the pyramid constructed free and not slaves (as Kosidowsky). Why, why do they need it? Oh God! simple: they built a communism, strive for the ideal! Touches? Yes, but without these light Ideally, it would be no pyramids, no society, no culture, and we are about them nothing and would never have known. It turns out that they were a necessity in the history? 2) The main form of exploitation of man by man was more than a dozen of them, plus the most incredible combination as part of its historical fundamental principle the so-called agropoliatrizma (see, eg, review and references therein.), where large-scal e human sacrifices (like Nazism, Stalinism) and the atmosphere of total poralizuyuschego animal terror before them senseless and inevitable is no exception in history, but rather tend to understand that in all its complexity More to come. So it seems that the story they tried all possible options, and its harsh the truth is that the development of each of these societies to stop quickly, inevitably there is the state apparatus parasite literally eats Society: crumbled culture disappeared writing, architecture. But later everything repeated again, with little transference scene. In conclusion, and asks a famous thought: history opened in the 20th century, it still does not only those involved in it.

Biography of John C. Frémont, Soldier, Explorer

Biography of John C. Frà ©mont, Soldier, Explorer John C. Frà ©mont (January 21, 1813–July 13, 1890) held a controversial and unusual place in mid-19th century America. Called The Pathfinder, he was hailed as a great explorer of the West. While Frà ©mont did little original exploring as he mostly followed trails that had already been established, he did publish narratives and maps based on his expeditions. Many emigrants heading westward carried guidebooks based on Frà ©monts government-sponsored publications. Frà ©mont was the son-in-law of a prominent politician, Sen. Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri, the nations most prominent advocate of  Manifest Destiny. In the mid-1800s,  Frà ©mont was famed as the living embodiment of westward expansion. His reputation suffered somewhat due to controversies during the Civil War, when he seemed to defy the Lincoln administration. But upon his death, he was fondly remembered for his accounts of the West. Fast Facts: John Charles Frà ©mont Known For: Senator from California; first Republican candidate for president; known for expeditions to open up the West to settlersAlso Known As: The PathfinderBorn: January 21, 1813 in Savannah, GeorgiaParents: Charles Frà ©mon, Anne Beverley WhitingDied: July 13, 1890  in New York,  New YorkEducation: Charleston CollegePublished Works:  Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains, Memoirs of My Life and Times, Geographical Memoir upon Upper California, an  Illustration of His Map of Oregon and CaliforniaAwards and Honors:  Namesake for schools, libraries, roads, etc.Spouse: Jessie BentonChildren: Elizabeth Benton Lily Frà ©mont, Benton Frà ©mont, John Charles Frà ©mont Jr., Anne Beverly Fremont, Francis Preston Fremont Early Life John Charles Frà ©mont was born on January 21, 1813 in Savannah, Georgia. His parents were embroiled in scandal. His father, a French immigrant named Charles Fremon, had been hired to tutor the young wife of an elderly Revolutionary War veteran in Richmond, Virginia. The tutor and student began a relationship and ran away together. Leaving behind a scandal in Richmond’s social circles, the couple traveled along the southern frontier for a time before eventually settling in Charleston, South Carolina. Frà ©mont’s parents (Frà ©mont later added the â€Å"t† to his last name) never married. His father died when Frà ©mont was a child, and at the age of 13, Frà ©mont found work as a clerk for a lawyer. Impressed by the boy’s intelligence, the lawyer helped Frà ©mont get an education. The young Frà ©mont had an affinity for mathematics and astronomy, skills that would later be very useful for plotting his position in the wilderness. Early Career and Marriage Frà ©monts professional life began with a job teaching mathematics to cadets in the U.S. Navy, and then working on a government surveying expedition. While visiting Washington, D.C., he met the powerful Missouri Sen. Thomas H. Benton and his family. Frà ©mont fell in love with Benton’s daughter Jessie and eloped with her. Sen. Benton was at first outraged, but he came to accept and actively promote his son-in-law. The role that Bentons influence played in Frà ©monts career cannot be overstated. In the decades before the Civil War, Benton exerted great influence on Capitol Hill. He was obsessed with expanding the United States to the West. He was perceived as the nations greatest proponent of Manifest Destiny, and he was often considered as powerful as the senators in the Great Triumvirate: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and John C. Calhoun. First Expedition to the West With Sen. Benton’s help, Frà ©mont was given the assignment to lead an 1842 expedition to explore beyond the Mississippi River to the vicinity of the Rocky Mountains. With the guide Kit Carson and a group of men recruited from a community of French trappers, Frà ©mont reached the mountains. Climbing a high peak, he placed an American flag on top. Frà ©mont returned to Washington and wrote a report of his expedition. While much of the document consisted of tables of geographical data that Frà ©mont had calculated based on astronomical readings, Frà ©mont also wrote a narrative of considerable literary quality (most likely with considerable help from his wife). The U.S. Senate published the report in March 1843, and it found a readership in the general public. Many Americans took special pride in Frà ©mont placing an American flag atop a high mountain in the West. Foreign powers- Spain to the south and Britain to the north- had their own claims on much of the West. And Frà ©mont, acting purely on his own impulse, had seemed to claim the distant West for the United States. Second Expedition to the West Frà ©mont led a second expedition to the West in 1843 and 1844. His assignment was to find a route across the Rocky Mountains to Oregon. After essentially accomplishing his assignment, Frà ©mont and his party were located in Oregon in January 1844. Rather than returning to Missouri, the expedition’s starting point, Frà ©mont led his men southward and then west, crossing the Sierra Nevada mountain range into California. The trip over the Sierras was extremely difficult and dangerous, and there has been speculation that Frà ©mont was operating under some secret orders to infiltrate California, which was then Spanish territory. After visiting Sutter’s Fort, the outpost of John Sutter, in early 1844, Frà ©mont traveled southward in California before heading eastward. He eventually arrived back in St. Louis in August 1844. He then traveled to Washington, D.C., where he wrote a report of his second expedition. The Importance of Frà ©monts Reports A book of his two expedition reports was published and became extremely popular. Many Americans who made the decision to move westward did so after reading Frà ©mont’s stirring reports of his travels in the great spaces of the West. Noted Americans, including Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman, also read Frà ©mont’s reports and took inspiration from them. Sen. Benton, as a proponent of Manifest Destiny, promoted the reports. And Frà ©monts writings helped create great national interest in opening the West. Controversial Return to California In 1845 Frà ©mont, who had accepted a commission in the U.S. Army, returned to California and became active in rebelling against Spanish rule and starting the Bear Flag Republic in northern California. For disobeying orders in California, Frà ©mont was arrested and found guilty at a court-martial hearing. President James K. Polk overturned the proceedings, but Frà ©mont resigned from the Army. Later Career Frà ©mont led a troubled expedition in 1848 to find a route for a transcontinental railroad. Settling in California, which by then had become a state, he briefly served as one of its senators. He became active in the new Republican Party and was its first presidential candidate, in 1856. During the Civil War, Frà ©mont received a commission as a Union general and commanded the U.S. Army in the West for a time. His tenure in the Army came to an end early in the war when he issued an order freeing slaves in his territory. President Abraham Lincoln relieved him of command. Death Frà ©mont later served as territorial governor of Arizona from 1878 to 1883. He died at his home in New York City on July 13, 1890. The next day, a New York Times front-page headline proclaimed, The Old Pathfinder Dead. Legacy While Frà ©mont was often caught up in controversy, he did provide Americans in the 1840s with reliable accounts of what was to be found in the distant West. During much of his lifetime, he was considered by many to be a heroic figure, and he played a major role in opening the West to settlement. Sources The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"John C. Frà ©mont.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 8 Feb. 2019.FRÉMONT, John Charles. Congress.gov.â€Å"John C. Frà ©mont.†Ã‚  American Battlefield Trust, 1 Nov. 2018.

Lester Allan Pelton - Hydroelectric Power

Lester Allan Pelton - Hydroelectric Power Lester Pelton invented a type of free-jet water turbine called the Pelton Wheel or Pelton turbine. This turbine is used for hydroelectric power generation. It is one of the original green technologies, replacing coal or wood with the power of falling water. Lester Pelton and the Pelton Water Wheel Turbine Lester Pelton was born in 1829 in Vermillion, Ohio. In 1850, he immigrated to California during the time of the gold rush. Pelton made his living as a carpenter and a millwright. At that time there was a great demand for new power sources to run the machinery and mills necessary for the expanding gold mines. Many mines depended on steam engines, but  those required exhaustible supplies of wood or coal. What was abundant was water power from the fast running mountain creeks and waterfalls. Waterwheels that had been used to power flour mills worked best on larger rivers and did not work well in the faster moving and less voluminous mountain creeks and waterfalls. What worked  were  the newer water turbines that used wheels with cups rather than flat panels.  Ã‚  A landmark design in water turbines was the highly efficient Pelton Wheel. W. F. Durand of Stanford University wrote in 1939 that Pelton made his discovery when he observed a misaligned water turbine where the jet of water hit the cups near the edge rather than the middle of the cup. The turbine moved faster. Pelton incorporated this into his design, with a wedge-shaped divider in the middle of a  double cup, splitting the jet. Now the water being ejected from both halves of the split cups act to propel the wheel faster. He tested his designs in 1877 and 1878, getting a patent in 1880. In 1883, the Pelton turbine won a competition for the most efficient water wheel turbine held by the Idaho Mining Company of Grass Valley, California. Pelton ´s turbine proved to be 90.2% efficient, and the turbine of his closest competitor was only 76.5% efficient. In 1888, Lester Pelton formed the Pelton Water Wheel Company in San Francisco and began to mass manufacture his new water turbine. The Pelton water wheel turbine set the standard until the Turgo impulse wheel was invented by Eric Crewdson in 1920. However, the Turgo impulse wheel was an improved design based on the Pelton turbine. The Turgo was smaller than the Pelton and cheaper to manufacture. Two other important hydropower systems include the Tyson turbine, and the Banki turbine (also called the Michell turbine). Pelton wheels were used to provide electrical power at hydroelectric facilities around the world. One in Nevada City had an output of 18000 horsepowers of electricity for 60 years. The largest units can produce over 400 megawatts. Hydroelectricity Hydropower converts the energy of flowing water into electricity or hydroelectricity. The amount of electricity generated is determined by the volume of water and the amount of head (the height from the turbines in the powerplant to the water surface) created by the dam. The greater the flow and head, the more electricity is produced. The mechanical power of falling water is an age-old tool. Of all the renewable energy sources that generate electricity, hydropower is the most often used. It is one of the oldest sources of energy and was used thousands of years ago to turn a paddle wheel for purposes such as grinding grain. In the 1700s, mechanical hydropower was used extensively for milling and pumping.   The first industrial use of hydropower to generate electricity occurred in 1880, when 16 brush-arc lamps were powered using a water turbine at the Wolverine Chair Factory in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The first U.S. hydroelectric power plant opened on the Fox River near Appleton, Wisconsin, on September 30, 1882. Until that time, coal was the only fuel used to produce electricity. The early hydroelectric plants were direct current stations built to power arc and incandescent lighting during the period from about 1880 to 1895. Because the source of hydropower is water, hydroelectric power plants must be located on a water source. Therefore, it wasn’t until the technology to transmit electricity over long distances was developed that hydropower became widely used. By the early 1900s, hydroelectric power accounted for more than 40 percent of the United States supply of electricity. The years 1895 through 1915 saw rapid changes occur in hydroelectric design and a wide variety of plant styles built. Hydroelectric plant design became fairly well standardized after World War I with most development in the 1920s and 1930s being related to thermal plants and transmission and distribution.

Good Things by Groupism in Design Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Good Things by Groupism in Design - Case Study Example During this group, she was able to participate at the level she desired. Each member was assigned a different task. Jee Hye was to code the HTML and JavaScript for the project. It was a group of epic proportions. It was a group on par with excellence. Despite previous negative experiences, Jee Hye believes there are good things about designing by groupism when each person is assigned what they are best able to do, everyone feels a part of project, and the results of project are much better. One good thing about designing by groupism is each person is sometimes able to do what he does best. Some students are better with writing or other artistic work. Others are better with speaking or in leadership positions. Still, others are better with doing or applying what has been learned to create a new product. Jee Hye was better with doing so she did the coding part of the web design project. Mary was better with writing. She kept notes and wrote the paper for the project. Casey was best with speaking, and he presented the project to the class. They all did their part to make the project work. In other groups, Jee Hye noticed some people slack while others did all the work. In this group, it helped to have a good manager. It helped that he was able to direct people to their appropriate tasks. Instead of everyone doing whatever they wanted all hoi polloi, there was an organized method of tackling the design problems they encounter. The divisions of labor and job specialization were the cornerstone of the group's workflow. As the work progressed, it made other benefits of group design become apparent. Another good thing about designing by groupism is that each person feels part of project. In Jee Hye's group, each person made suggestions about the website project. Some of the suggestions were used. Others were not, but some of everyone's made ideas were applied to the project. I was truly a collaborative effort. Mary and Jee Hye constructed the layout together. Mary and Casey formulated the content as a team. All three students worked together to debug the coded portion of the project. In other groups, Jee Hye noticed that some people's voices were heard over others despite logic. Again, this pitfall was avoided by good management. Casey really helped it all go smoothly. His management ability was uncanny. He kept the group focused, and he mitigated disputes. Furthermore his selling ability made the marketing aspects of the design a breeze. Each person played a vital role, and everyone felt part of the group project. At the end of the project, they all felt happy about how everything happened. The website was great, and they were very proud of their work. Along with division of labor and job specialization, group morale is a major aspect of positive experience in working with a group. It is important that each member works to keep a positive attitude if they expect the group to work well. No one wants to attend a group where people are sour-faced. The best thing about designing by groupism is the results of a project are much better than individual projects if people work symbiotically. In other groups, Jee Hye noticed the final product was not as good as this one. Usually, one person takes too much work. Others do not participate, and still others participate too much. It makes the project not really a groupism project. It means some people do nothing. Some do everything. Others tell

Ten Financial Management Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ten Financial Management Questions - Essay Example Add bracketed tax @ 34% $119,000 Add the cost of capital $ 35,000 Total $504,000 Less depreciation of the old helicopter $54,000 So the net cost of the new helicopter $450,000 Question 4: Mud Construction Co. is considering buying a new equipment with cost of $625,000 and a salvage value of $50,00 at the end of its useful life of ten years. The equipment is expected to generate additional annual cash flow for ten years with the following possibilities. Probability Cash Flow 15 $60,000 25 $85,000 45 $110,000 15 $130,000 a. What is the expected cash flow b. If the company's cost capital is 10% what is the expected net present value c. Should the company buy the equipment a. The cost of the equipment is $625,000 10 years post installation salvage value $50,000 With probability 15, cash flow $60,000 The inflow of income 60,000x10=$600,000 b. Salvage value after 10 years $600,000 Hence the present value 600,000/10=$60,000 c. The cash flow shows that the company gets a marginal profit, therefore it is not advisable to buy the equipment. Question 5: Explain how the price of a new security is determined Security is the condition of being protected against danger or loss. In the general sense, security is a concept similar to safety. The nuance between the two is an added emphasis on being protected from dangers that originate from outside. Individuals or actions that encroach upon the condition of protection are responsible for the breach of security. A security is a fungible, negotiable interest representing financial value. Securities are broadly categorized into debt and equity...What is the approximate yield to maturity of the bonds Question 3: Bar T Ranches Inc, is considering buying a helicopter for $350,000. The company's old helicopter has a book value of $85,000, but will only bring $60,000 if it is sold. The old helicopter can be depreciated at the rate of $13,500 per year for next four years. The new helicopter can be depreciated using the five-year MARCS schedule. The new helicopter is expected to save $62,000 after the taxes through reduced fuel and maintenance expenses. Bar T Ranches is in the 34% tax bracket and 12% cost of capital. Question 4: Mud Construction Co. is considering buying a new equipment with cost of $625,000 and a salvage value of $50,00 at the end of its useful life of ten years. The equipment is expected to generate additional annual cash flow for ten years with the following possibilities. Security is the condition of being protected against danger or loss. In the general sense, security is a concept similar to safety. The nuance between the two is an added emphasis on being protected from dangers that originate from outside. Individuals or actions that encroach upon the condition of protection are responsible for the breach of security. A security is a fungible, negotiable interest representing financial value. Securities are broadly categorized into debt and equity securities.

Southern View of Religion in Lillian Smith’s Killers of the Dream Essay

Southern View of Religion in Lillian Smith’s Killers of the Dream â€Å"Our first lesson about God made the deepest impression on us. We were told that He loved us, and then we were told that He would burn us in everlasting flames of hell if we displeased Him. We were told we should love Him for He gives us everything good that we have, and then we were told that we should fear Him because He has the power to do evil to us whenever He cares to. We learned from this part of the lesson another: that â€Å"people,† like God and parents, can love you and hate you at the same time; and though they may love you, if you displease them they may do you great injury; hence being loved by them does not give you protection from being harmed by them. We learned that They (parents) have a â€Å"right† to act in this way because God does, and that They in a sense represent God, in the family.† -Lillian Smith, Killers of the Dream, p. 85 This short passage introduces the first of many paradoxes and contradictions that dominate the Southern way of life that Smith depicts in Killers of the Dream. It is fitting that Smith (and her contemporaries) should remember their first lesson about God as a terrifying self-contradiction, because this theme perpetuates itself in the Southern view of religion. It lays the framework for a theological doctrine that banishes a person to the flames of hell for taking a sip of alcohol, yet turns its head as human beings banish others to the ghettos and old slave quarters for having dark skin. This passage also creates a parallel between the white people and their role as the â€Å"God† of Southern society. Smith states, â€Å"We were told we should love Him for He gives us everything good that we have, and then we were told that... ...hild understands his relationship with God and his parents as such, it is fairly natural that he will grow up to perpetuate a facsimile of that relationship between himself and his own children and the black community, both environments in which he is â€Å"God.† Smith summarizes her description of her early â€Å"lesson† with â€Å"We learned that They (parents) have a â€Å"right† to act in this way because God does, and that They in a sense represent God, in the family.† This satirical presentation of the word â€Å"right† in parentheses both the parental and the societal desire for the white man to play God. However, Smith ironically suggest that God does not act this way, He is simply drawn into the trial as an unwitting testimonial justifying the behavior that society wants to believe is right, despite their gnawing knowledge that it is far from right, and far from human, or humane.

The World – Creative Writing

After the dreamless sleep of eons, the time had come for him to awaken, to view what was known only as The World. He traversed the nothingness of the desolate area around him, aimlessly trying to find something, someone, anything. Yet isolation was all he found. The World was a place where the order of time was non-existent and all of intelligent life's technology was lost for all eternity, all under a veil of turmoil. The more he searched, the less he found. The only sound to be heard was the sound of skulls crushed under foot. Yet his pointless journey continued. He became more frantic; he wanted to find something, a flower, a butterfly, or someone he could socialize with. Still, nothingness was all he found, himself was all he could socialize with. He became scared even though there was nothing to be afraid of. Fear had consumed him, just like fear had consumed The World. He believed too, he would become just a number. However, then he saw it. Pillars of blackness emanating from the horizon, piercing the sky above him, a fair distance away from him. He also saw faint figures, just like himself near the origin of the Pillars, and a city surrounding them. He started walking towards the city. A walk soon turned into run as he was struck with inconsolable relief. He knew, now, he was not the only person in The World. He thought he was alone, but now his fears were all except present. When became closer, inconsolable relief turned to inconsolable pain as he saw the figures close up. He did not see humans, people, or even animals. They were monstrosities. Turned to their state by their own greed and power hungry minds, only mutated organisms were left. One turned and slowly trundled towards him. It wore a long grey unblemished garment, with a hood obscuring its face. Diamonds, gold and other precious materials covered it, in a delicate and intricate pattern. He shivered as it put a limb, similar to a hand, on his shoulder. ‘You are lost, are you not?' it muttered to him. He nervously nodded, not able to open his mouth to speak. He continued ‘After many centuries of searching I have finally found the one I am looking for, the one I can call my own. You may not think you know me, however, you know me more than you think you believe, and more than you want to believe.' He was mystified. A figure he had never seen before that claimed to know him. It was too much for him. He started to back down, but then he saw someone behind the figure, someone he recognized. She was talking to someone, a figure just like him. ‘Orta, you know her do you not? She came here, only recently, to meet her friend. Her friend Vertigo, who knew her, just like I know you.' He was mystified, ‘Is this a dream, a nightmare?' He thought to himself. The figure stated ‘This is not a dream. I am as real as you or Orta.' He was puzzled, being driven to insanity by the information overload. He could not understand what was going on. The area around him had people around him arriving all the time, meeting mysterious figures just like him. ‘Look around,' the figure continued, ‘There is your friend Alambad with Insanity, your doctor Xenia with Death, your cousin Vyse with Paranoia, you are not alone.' He became hysterical, his eyes widening, his face as pale as the moon itself. He ran at his cousin, screaming and shouting. Yet Vyse did not notice him. ‘You attempts at communicating with beings other than me are futile. I am the only one you can converse with at The World.' He stopped, with tears in his eyes and dragged himself back to the figure. ‘What is your name?' he asked, as he tried to hide his emotions. When he received no response, he repeated his question louder with more infurity. It replied ‘The figure you see before you now, the figure you are conversing with now has no name. It is nothing. It does not exist except inside yourself. However as humans require a name for everything, you may refer to me, as Isolation.' He raised his claw like limbs to lift the hood that covered its face. As the hood fell behind it, he winched in disgust as he saw what the hood was hiding. On his face he had, nothing. ‘Victims of our own fear brought us here, there is no way out.' Isolation said with his none existent lips. He raised a boney finger towards the pillars of shadow and continued ‘You humans fuel The World through your fears and phobias. They are non-existent, yet prove useful to us. You feed the The World, governed by Chaos our king and ruler, you keep it open. Our apparent existence is created by you. The endless walk you had when traveling here, you created it, you made it. Orta entered The World through the Clouds above you. Xenia entered The World through a car accident, on Earth. I am sorry but you will never return to the place of your origin.' They looked up into the sky together, observing at the beauteous gem in the sky they knew as Earth. Walking along memory beach together, they were soon talking and joking together as if they were long lost friends, walking to the end of time.

John Brown and His Raid on Harpers Ferry

The abolitionist John Brown remains one of the most controversial figures of the 19th century. During a few years of fame before his fateful raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Americans either regarded him as a noble hero or a dangerous fanatic. After his execution on December 2, 1859, Brown became a martyr to those opposed to slavery. And the controversy over his actions and his fate helped stoke the tensions that pushed the United States to the brink of Civil War. Early Life John Brown was born on May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut. His family was descended from New England Puritans, and he had a deeply religious upbringing. John was the third of six children in the family. When Brown was five, the family moved to Ohio. During his childhood, Browns very religious father would exclaim that slavery was a sin against God. And when Brown visited a farm in his youth he witnessed the beating of slave. The violent incident had a lasting effect on young Brown, and he became a fanatical opponent of slavery. John Browns Anti-Slavery Passion Brown married at the age of 20, and he and his wife had seven children before she died in 1832. He remarried and fathered 13 more children. Brown and his family moved to several states, and he failed at every business he entered. His passion for eliminating slavery became the focus of his life. In 1837, Brown attended a meeting in Ohio in memory of Elijah Lovejoy, an abolitionist newspaper editor who had been killed in Illinois. At the meeting, Brown raised his hand and vowed that he would destroy slavery. Advocating Violence In 1847 Brown moved to Springfield, Massachusetts and began befriending members of a community of escaped slaves. It was at Springfield that he first befriended the abolitionist writer and editor Frederick Douglass, who had escaped from slavery in Maryland. Browns ideas became more radical, and he began advocating a violent overthrow of slavery. He argued that slavery was so entrenched that it could only be destroyed by violent means. Some opponents of slavery had become frustrated with the peaceful approach of the established abolition movement, and Brown gained some followers with his fiery rhetoric. John Browns Role in Bleeding Kansas In the 1850s the territory of Kansas was rocked by violent conflicts between anti-slavery and pro-slavery settlers. The violence, which became known as Bleeding Kansas, was a symptom of the highly controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act. John Brown and five of his sons moved to Kansas to support the free-soil settlers who wanted Kansas to come into the union as a free state in which slavery would be outlawed. In May 1856, in response to pro-slavery ruffians attacking Lawrence, Kansas, Brown and his sons attacked and killed five pro-slavery settlers at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas. Brown Desired a  Slave Rebellion After acquiring a bloody reputation in Kansas, Brown set his sights higher. He became convinced that if he started an uprising among slaves by providing weapons and strategy, the revolt would spread across the entire south. There had been slave uprisings before, most notably the one led by the slave Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831. Turners rebellion resulted in the deaths of 60 whites and the eventual execution of Turner and more than 50 African Americans believed to have been involved. Brown was very familiar with the history of slave rebellions, yet still believed he could start a guerrilla war in the south. The Plan to Attack on Harpers Ferry Brown began to plan an attack on the federal arsenal in the small town of Harpers Ferry, Virginia (which is in present-day West Virginia). In July 1859, Brown, his sons, and other followers rented a farm across the Potomac River in Maryland. They spent the summer secretly stockpiling weapons, as they believed they could arm slaves in the south who would escape ​to join their cause. Brown traveled to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania at one point that summer to meet with his old friend Frederick Douglass. Hearing Browns plans, and believing them suicidal, Douglass refused to participate. John Browns Raid on Harpers Ferry On the night of October 16, 1859, Brown and 18 of his followers drove wagons into the town of Harpers Ferry. The raiders cut telegraph wires and quickly overcame the watchman at the armory, effectively seizing the building. Yet a train passing through town carried the news, and by the next day forces began to arrive. Brown and his men barricaded themselves inside buildings and a siege began. The slave uprising Brown hoped to spark never happened. A contingent of Marines arrived, under the command of Col. Robert E. Lee. Most of Browns men were soon killed, but he was taken alive on October 18 and jailed. The Martyrdom of John Brown Browns trial for treason in Charlestown, Virginia was major news in American newspapers in late 1859. He was convicted and sentenced to death. John Brown was hanged, along with four of his men, on December 2, 1859 at Charlestown. His execution was marked by the tolling of church bells in many towns in the north. The abolitionist cause had gained a martyr. And the execution of Brown was a step on the countrys road to Civil War.